The engine is the heart of the car, providing power for the car's walking, which is related to the car's power, economy and environmental protection. Simply put, the engine is an energy conversion mechanism that converts the thermal energy of gasoline (automobile diesel) or natural gas into combustion by expanding the combustion gas in the sealed cylinder, which is the most basic principle of the engine.
The engine is composed of main components such as cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft and flywheel. The piston is mounted in a cylindrical cylinder that moves up and down within the cylinder. One end of the connecting rod is connected with the piston by a piston pin, and the other end is mounted on the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is supported by a bearing on the cylinder block and can be rotated in the bearing. When the crankshaft rotates, the connecting rod journal moves circularly in the crankcase, and the connecting rod drives the piston to move up and down in the cylinder. Conversely, when the piston is subjected to high pressure gas and moves from top to bottom, the crankshaft is rotated by the connecting rod. Every revolution of the crankshaft, the piston runs up and down.
First, the basic operational requirements
1. Start: check the water level, oil level, battery voltage, etc. before starting the engine. The starting time should not be too long (less than 15 seconds); do not step on the throttle, because the starting oil has been fixed in the ECU, stepping on the throttle
Does not increase the amount of oil supplied.
2. Driving: Do not slam the throttle during driving. Because the ECU automatically increases the amount of oil during the rapid acceleration of the national three cars, even if you step on the accelerator, you will not get the imaginary acceleration.
3. Exhaust air: When the engine needs to remove air for various reasons, it must be in the stop state, and the hand pump must be used for emptying. It is forbidden to use the starter to drag the engine to remove air, because this will shorten the battery life. If you need to loosen the high pressure fuel pipe, you must leave the car for more than 15 minutes. After the pressure in the oil rail drops, the high pressure oil pipe can be released. Otherwise, the high pressure fuel injection in the oil rail may cause personal injury.
Fuel should be prevented from splashing on the exhaust pipe, starter, wiring harness and connector during emptying. If it is accidentally splashed, the fuel should be wiped clean.
4, wading: Because the electronic control car is controlled by microcomputer, all the input and output signals are electrical signals, so to prevent water ingress, when it is necessary to wading, to avoid damage to the electronic control system due to water ingress In principle, the height of the controller from the water surface should exceed 200mm, and the speed during wading should be less than 10KM/h.
5. Fault indicator: When the engine fails, the system will issue a fault alarm. At this time, the indicator light flashes, and the fault pattern is reported by flash code according to a certain rule. The driver can identify the fault according to the fault condition. Arrange for inspection and maintenance.
6. Driving on the wrong foot: When the engine has a fault, the fault indicator will display the relevant information, and judge that if the engine fault does not deteriorate, the control unit will make the engine run at a lower speed and a smaller load, entering the so-called If you go home, for example, the water temperature exceeds the set value, the high pressure tubing is broken, and the boost pressure is low.
At this time, the engine will limit the speed and power. This is the user-friendly function of the electronically controlled engine to ensure safe driving and easy maintenance for the user. In the case of stomping home, the driver can do it patiently to drive the car to the vicinity. At the repair station, it is useless to step on the accelerator pedal and attempt to accelerate.
Second, heavy truck engine parts http: daily maintenance of electronic control components: diesel electrical control components and wiring harness must be kept dry, no water, no oil, no dust. The daily maintenance of the EFI common rail diesel engine should pay attention to the following points:
1. Before plugging and unplugging the wiring harness and its sensor or actuator connector, remember to turn off the ignition switch and the main power switch before you can perform the daily maintenance of the diesel engine.
2. Turn off the ignition switch before turning off. Because the electronic control unit (ECU) needs to store the operating state parameters of the engine for a while after the ignition switch is turned off, it is recommended to turn off the main power switch after turning off the ignition switch for ten seconds; when turning on the power and ignition switch, Turn on the main power switch and then turn the ignition on.
3. The normal working voltage range of the electronically controlled fuel injection system is 18V-34V, but the battery voltage should be kept between 22V and 26V.
4. It is strictly forbidden to directly flush the parts of the electronic control part of the engine with water. When the electric part is accidentally flooded, for example, the control unit (ECU) or the harness is wet or soaked by water, remember to first cut off the main power switch and immediately notify the maintenance personnel. Dispose of, do not run the engine by yourself.
5. Regularly wipe the oil and dust accumulated on the wiring harness of the diesel engine with a soft cloth to keep the wire harness and its connection with the sensor or actuator dry and clean; when repairing the Euro III machine, for example, after replacing the high pressure oil pipe or exhausting air Immediately drain the oil from the oil pump connector with a soft cloth.
6. All connectors are made of plastic material. Bare operation is prohibited when installing or unplugging. Make sure that the locking and positioning device is inserted in place and there is no foreign matter in the socket.
7. Pay attention to the maintenance of the whole vehicle line and find that the cable bundle is aging. If the contact is bad or the outer layer is peeled off, it should be repaired and replaced in time. However, when the sensor itself is damaged, it must be replaced by a professional maintenance personnel, and it is not possible to simply dock or repair it on the vehicle. Note: When performing electric welding work, be sure to turn off the main power supply and unplug all the plugs on the ECU.
Third, fuel-saving tips
1. Keep the air filter clean, which can maximize the air intake and make the combustion more complete.
2, choose the appropriate gear, try to use high-end driving, in fact, the car speed is high, the engine speed is low, this is the most economical driving method. The most fuel-efficient speed of our engine is between 1100 and 1500.
